英语阅读技巧之我见

 

张巧风

 

阅读理解着重考查学生理解各种题材和体裁的书面材料，以及从各种书面材料中获取信息的能力。近年来，阅读理解在全国各省市中考英语试题中所占分值呈上升趋势。如何培养和提高学生的阅读能力，无疑成为提高英语整体成绩的瓶颈。笔者认为，掌握一定的阅读技巧至关重要。

1．找出主题句

一般来说，主题句常体现在段首或段尾。它通常很简洁、概括性强，段中其它句子则围绕着它所表达的思想来进行说明、解释或拓展。例如：E-mail English mostly uses two types of word. The first is “abbreviation”. This is formed by using the first letter of each word in the phrase. For example, BTW means “by the way”, and CLS means “can’t stop laughing”. The second kind of word is a “homophone” – it’s created by combining letters and symbols or numbers to sound like other words. An example of this would be to write “great” as “gr8”, or to write “see you later” as “CUl8r”. 第一句是这段的主题句，其它句子是具体说明E-mail English有哪两种,而且举例说明它们的构成。

2．抓住关键词

文章的关键词能反映文中主要事实和特定细节。例如：Today was a very important day. France played against Senegal(塞加内尔) in the opening match of the World Cup. To our surprise, France  ___(won / was beaten). 很明显，France在世界杯比赛中要比Senegal强得多，理应赢（won）,但是令我们吃惊的是（To our surprise）, France was beaten. “吃惊”这个词很关键。

3．根据上下文猜测生词

例如：Dear Editor,    Yesterday you sent back a story of mine. How do you know that the story is not good? You didn’t read it. Before I sent you the story, I pasted together pages 18、19、20. When the story came back yesterday, the pages were still pasted together. 在这段中，学生可能不认识pasted，但是从“我”说：你就根本没看我的稿件（You didn’t read it.）。因为寄给“你”时，18、19、20页pasted together(粘在一起)，稿件返回时那几页还pasted together，学生很容易猜出pasted的词义。

4．寻找文中各句之间的逻辑关系

例如：This afternoon there was a __(wonderful / famous) football match in our school. Our team played against No.1 Middle School. __(Though / Because) they were very big and strong, it was a draw game between the two teams with the result 0-0 last time. Today we played much __(better / worse). We won 1-0. 文中第一个选择是wonderful不是famous, 从第三句“尽管”而不是“因为”No.1 Middle School 的队员big and strong, 但是上次比赛打了个平局，所以判断今天下午是一场“精彩”而不是“著名”的比赛。而且最后我们won. 当然Today we played much better。    

5．养成良好的阅读习惯

根据《英语新课程标准》要求，九年级学生除教材外，课外阅读量要达到15万字以上。所以阅读一定要天天做，鼓励学生把精彩的文章背出来，幽默的故事讲给朋友听。

阅读在英语教学中有着举足轻重的份量。需要注意的是，阅读技巧的选择，要因人因材料而不同。只要我们英语教师在阅读教学实践中，注重引导学生掌握一定的阅读技巧，促使学生阅读能力的提升，就一定能全面提高英语教学质量。